Sanctions: Wars Without Bullets
December 1st, 2025
The word “sanctions” has firmly established itself in the lexicon of a Western household in the recent years, specifically after the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022, yet remains to the general public a murky and loaded term. Google Trends for the term “sanctions” shows the highest relative searches in February 2022 after the leaders of other countries responded to Russia’s military troops entering Ukraine by imposing a host of sanctions on Russia. Still, the popular understanding of what sanctions are, their mechanism, their imposition, and their removal is nebulous. In this article, Anna Miromanova aims to shed some light on the basics of this widely used policy and dive into some issues that inevitably arise when we discuss sanctions.
Central Banking, Monetary Policy, and the ECB: Coping with the Challenges
October 2nd, 2025
Professor Citera’s new book co-edited with Lino Sau and Domenica Tropeano examines the European Central Bank (ECB) and the challenges it faces as the guardian of the Euro, which has recently approached its twenty-fifth anniversary. Since its creation in 1999, the ECB has been at the center of Europe’s most difficult economic moments: the global financial crisis, the European sovereign debt crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the economic disruptions caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Each of these events has tested not only the stability of the euro but also the adequacy of the ECB’s policies and institutional design.
Suppressing the National Climate Assessment Is Illegal and Economically Unwise
December 1st, 2025
The Trump Administration has dismissed all contributors preparing the Sixth National Climate Assessment (NCA6), which is statutorily due in 2027. While the administration has not formally confirmed whether it intends to halt or delay the process, removing all authors with no plan to replace them signals a potential break with established legal obligations — and a troubling disregard for the social, economic, and policy values of the assessment itself.
European Union – United States Trade Deal: Poland
October 3rd, 2025
On July 27th, the European Union and United States struck a deal which saw the tariff rates set by President Donald Trump at 30% on the EU, decreased to 15%. As was first announced on April 2nd, Trump had initially planned to set a reciprocal tax of 20% onto the EU via Executive Order 14257. While media has been quick to cover the potential economic effects on the largest European economies, Poland and other important EU players are frequently left out from analysis. Luka tries to bridge this gap by documenting Poland’s domestic market, major trade partners and how it fits into the larger global trade shifts.